Theme | Description |
---|---|
Professional behavior | A set of quality and attributes of a person behavior that is observable and relates to medical practice [18,19]. |
Humanity | The qualities of being a human that relates to a physician role [19]. |
Patient management | The way physician act in managing a patient. |
Clinical skills competence | Clinical skills deemed necessary by the graduates for medical practice. |
Interpersonal skill | Skills thatcontribute to successful dealing in maintaining appropriate relationship with patient and other colleagues [18]. |
Cognitive competence | Knowledge required by the physician for medical practice. |
Personal satisfaction | Any means that bringgratification, pleasure, or contentment to the graduates during medical practice. |
Theme | Items | Source of references |
---|---|---|
Professional behavior | Adequate experience, doctor-patient communication, problem-solver, adequate knowledge, time management, analytical, adequate skill, adequate competence | Arnold [1] (2002) |
Epstein and Hundert [20] (2002) | ||
Humanity | Comforting, humble, religious values, respect, religious, character, continually improving, lifelong learner, counselor, discipline, empathy, hardworking | Epstein and Hundert [20] (2002) |
Mueller [5] (2009) | ||
Patient management | Wholeheartedness, psychological support, confidence, proper management, patient education | Arnold [1] (2002) |
Campbell et al. [21] (2007) | ||
Mueller [5] (2009) | ||
Clinical skills competence | Active listener, subject expert, nasogastric tube insertion, intravenous cannulation, circumcision, performing minor surgery, handling trauma patient, injections, burns, poisoning & emergency, hospital admission, clinical decision | Epstein and Hundert [20] (2002) |
Hodges et al. [2] (2011) | ||
Interpersonal skill | Subordinate communication, cooperation, peer communication, community perspective, personal instinct, opportunity for improvement, self-confidence, lifelong learning, humble | Hodges et al. [2] (2011) |
Haque et al. [22] (2016) | ||
Adam et al. [3] (2012) | ||
Cognitive competency | Knowledge about disease, knowledge about treatment, referral, number of cases learnt, knowledge about management, cases variation | Epstein and Hundert [20] (2002) |
Mueller [5] (2009) | ||
Personal satisfaction | Personal satisfaction, patient perspective, job satisfaction, medical knowledge satisfaction | Epstein and Hundert [20] (2002) |
Bahaziq and Crosby [23] (2011) |
Item | Factor 1 | Factor 2 | Factor 3 | Factor 4 | Factor 5 | Factor 6 | Factor 7a) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1. | Knowledge about diseases that I gained during my education supported my work in the field. | 0.276 | 0.220 | 0.145 | -0.001 | -0.051 | 0.480 | 0.049 |
Q2. | Knowledge about kind and dose of remedy that I learned helped me towards medical practice. | 0.092 | 0.113 | 0.197 | 0.120 | 0.176 | 0.477 | -0.080 |
Q3. | Physician should make a referral when it is beyond their capacity. | 0.221 | 0.498 | 0.054 | -0.048 | 0.171 | 0.141 | 0.027 |
Q4. | The cases learned during clerkship are useful and applicable at workplace of medical practice. | 0.212 | 0.643 | 0.060 | 0.255 | 0.096 | 0.288 | -0.115 |
Q5. | Management of trauma I learned during medical education helps me in the field. | 0.033 | 0.074 | 0.201 | 0.115 | -0.096 | 0.646 | 0.128 |
Q6. | The variation of cases during the clerkship was sufficient. | 0.178 | 0.214 | -0.117 | 0.194 | 0.223 | 0.550 | 0.017 |
Q7. | To be a good doctor we should be able to be an active listener. | -0.029 | 0.223 | -0.054 | -0.021 | 0.373 | 0.226 | -0.089 |
Q8. | Learning during the medical doctor program makes me master medical subjects optimally. | 0.465 | 0.361 | -0.041 | 0.338 | -0.005 | 0.262 | -0.146 |
Q9. | I have adequate skill in inserting nasogastric tube. | 0.094 | 0.357 | -0.018 | 0.363 | 0.067 | 0.200 | 0.080 |
Q10. | I am quite skilled in performing the insertion of the iv catheter. | 0.048 | -0.014 | 0.003 | 0.397 | 0.115 | 0.240 | -0.015 |
Q11. | I am capable to perform circumcision. | 0.059 | -0.068 | 0.221 | 0.681 | 0.192 | 0.342 | 0.247 |
Q12. | I am skilled in performing minor surgery at workplace of medical practice. | 0.168 | 0.234 | 0.267 | 0.634 | -0.090 | -0.165 | 0.222 |
Q13. | I am skilled in handling patient with trauma. | 0.237 | 0.164 | 0.070 | 0.711 | 0.046 | 0.191 | 0.093 |
Q14. | I am skilled in injecting intra-muscular, intravenous, or sub-cutan. | 0.194 | 0.422 | 0.030 | 0.465 | 0.124 | 0.208 | 0.013 |
Q15. | I can handle cases of burn injury. | 0.279 | 0.045 | 0.036 | 0.656 | 0.186 | -0.150 | -0.028 |
Q16. | I can handle cases of poisoning and emergency. | 0.521 | -0.079 | 0.068 | 0.528 | -0.017 | -0.297 | 0.025 |
Q17. | I know well when patient needs to be hospitalized or not. | 0.397 | 0.310 | 0.025 | 0.208 | 0.322 | 0.023 | 0.068 |
Q18. | I can make clinical decisions well. | 0.544 | 0.225 | 0.182 | 0.305 | 0.305 | -0.061 | 0.143 |
Q19. | I am pleased going through my medical profession. | 0.627 | 0.285 | 0.177 | 0.055 | 0.389 | -0.034 | -0.045 |
Q20. | I feel my patients are quite satisfied with my performance. | 0.092 | -0.075 | -0.036 | 0.591 | 0.564 | 0.008 | 0.008 |
Q21. | I am satisfied to be a medical doctor. | 0.660 | 0.023 | 0.226 | 0.049 | -0.007 | 0.126 | 0.053 |
Q22. | I am satisfied with my medical education. | 0.350 | -0.200 | -0.060 | 0.189 | 0.117 | 0.128 | -0.020 |
Q23. | Clerkship experience makes me competent as a medical doctor. | 0.484 | 0.247 | -0.028 | 0.095 | 0.043 | 0.066 | 0.141 |
Q24. | I can communicate well with patient and her/his family. | 0.539 | 0.421 | 0.046 | 0.086 | 0.432 | 0.020 | 0.057 |
Q25. | My medical education makes me become a good problem-solver. | 0.501 | 0.108 | 0.224 | 0.263 | 0.218 | 0.246 | -0.069 |
Q26. | My medical knowledge is appropriate and applicable in medical practice. | 0.579 | 0.109 | 0.225 | 0.257 | 0.047 | 0.203 | -0.228 |
Q27. | My medical education made me manage my time properly. | 0.661 | 0.048 | 0.249 | 0.166 | 0.044 | 0.102 | 0.311 |
Q28. | My medical education enables me to analyze every medical problem that I find. | 0.621 | 0.020 | 0.001 | 0.025 | -0.026 | 0.116 | 0.323 |
Q29. | Clinical experience during the clerkship has supported me to be a skilled doctor. | 0.453 | 0.230 | 0.369 | 0.149 | -0.147 | 0.169 | -0.026 |
Q30. | My education is sufficient to achieve competence as a physician. | 0.496 | -0.029 | 0.374 | 0.087 | -0.135 | 0.426 | -0.012 |
Q31. | Making the patient feel comfortable is a compulsory attitude that must be had by a Muslim doctor. | -0.042 | 0.785 | 0.134 | 0.066 | -0.031 | -0.067 | 0.014 |
Q32. | In serving patients I prioritize the attitude of being humble & not conceited. | -0.064 | 0.567 | 0.522 | 0.068 | 0.112 | -0.158 | 0.020 |
Q33. | I work on my medical profession in accordance to the values of Islam. | 0.076 | 0.543 | 0.553 | -0.100 | -0.004 | 0.061 | 0.028 |
Q34. | I have shown politeness and respect to the patient and his family. | 0.185 | 0.802 | 0.193 | -0.001 | 0.034 | -0.018 | 0.065 |
Q35. | Understanding about Islam that I learned during my medical education has built my character as a Muslim doctor. | 0.042 | 0.414 | 0.653 | -0.037 | -0.267 | 0.101 | 0.167 |
Q36. | My improvisation ability increased when I am running the medical practice. | 0.092 | 0.389 | 0.074 | 0.210 | 0.229 | -0.226 | 0.475 |
Q37. | I am always updated with my medical knowledge and skill. | 0.155 | 0.223 | 0.153 | 0.145 | -0.034 | 0.180 | 0.697b) |
Q38. | I always give counseling, information, and education to the patients. | -0.096 | 0.474 | 0.494 | 0.002 | 0.084 | 0.166 | 0.232 |
Q39. | My education has established me to be a disciplined doctor. | 0.216 | -0.030 | 0.570 | 0.021 | -0.096 | 0.275 | 0.475 |
Q40. | I always empathize toward my patients. | 0.085 | 0.037 | 0.352 | 0.008 | -0.032 | -0.004 | 0.359 |
Q41. | As a Muslim doctor, I have to give my best effort for the optimal outcome of the patient and submit myself to God. | 0.051 | 0.602 | 0.011 | 0.045 | 0.175 | 0.160 | 0.279 |
Q42. | I am considered as a good and skilled professional by other health workers at my workplace. | 0.268 | -0.161 | 0.206 | 0.370 | 0.455 | 0.143 | 0.357 |
Q43. | I am capable of cooperating in the team well. | 0.049 | 0.144 | 0.247 | 0.261 | 0.760 | 0.022 | -0.052 |
Q44. | I am capable of communicating with hospital staff and other health care professions. | 0.388 | 0.213 | 0.079 | 0.074 | 0.551 | 0.070 | 0.039 |
Q45. | The community appraises me fairly well. | 0.112 | 0.001 | 0.539 | 0.210 | 0.412 | 0.153 | 0.210 |
Q46. | My instinct as a doctor was trained during internship. | 0.291 | 0.491 | 0.135 | 0.008 | 0.246 | -0.005 | 0.313 |
Q47. | The examinations during medical education provide me opportunities for better performance. | 0.217 | -0.061 | 0.267 | 0.005 | 0.059 | 0.545 | 0.240 |
Q48. | I have a good self-confidence. | 0.169 | 0.096 | 0.214 | 0.481 | 0.489 | 0.071 | -0.001 |
Q49. | My medical education made me always self-aware about life-long learning. | 0.244 | 0.133 | 0.501 | 0.230 | 0.121 | 0.258 | 0.013 |
Q50. | I do not appraise myself exclusively. | -0.053 | 0.429 | 0.144 | 0.290 | 0.152 | 0.179 | -0.168 |
Q51. | I serve my patients wholeheartedly. | 0.261 | 0.023 | 0.720 | 0.018 | 0.046 | 0.254 | 0.146 |
Q52. | I give support to the patient psychologically to encourage his recovery. | 0.137 | 0.146 | 0.538 | 0.066 | 0.219 | 0.112 | -0.034 |
Q53. | My confidence comes after handling 3–4 patients. | 0.027 | -0.144 | 0.177 | -0.079 | -0.329 | 0.250 | -0.110 |
Q54. | I can manage my patients properly. | 0.548 | -0.166 | 0.336 | 0.219 | 0.229 | 0.157 | 0.263 |
Q55. | My explanation to the patient & his family makes them adhere to the treatment. | 0.183 | 0.113 | 0.558 | 0.245 | 0.101 | -0.017 | -0.012 |
Factor name | Cronbach’s α |
---|---|
Professional behaviors | 0.875 |
Humanity | 0.849 |
Patient management | 0.832 |
Clinical skills competence | 0.814 |
Interpersonal skill | 0.785 |
Cognitive competence | 0.624 |
The item (Q) | Factor name | Amount of item retained |
---|---|---|
18, 19, 21, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 54 | Professional behavior | 9 |
3, 4, 31, 32, 33, 34, 41 | Humanity | 7 |
35, 39, 45, 49, 51, 52, 55, 37a) | Patient management | 8 |
11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 20 | Clinical skills competence | 6 |
43, 44, | Interpersonal skill | 2 |
5, 6, 47 | Cognitive competence | 3 |
Total item | 35 |
Factors extracted | CanMEDS Physician Competency Framework [28,29] | ACGME’s competencies [30,31] |
---|---|---|
Cognitive competence | Medical expert, scholar | Medical knowledge |
Interpersonal skill | Communicator, collaborator, manager | Inter-personal & communication skills |
Professional behavior | Professional | Professionalism |
Patient management | Health advocate | Patient care |
Clinical skill competence | - | Practice-based learning & improvement, systems based practice |
Humanity | - | - |